The disease is caused by banana bunchy top virus bbtv, which is transmitted by. Banana bunchy top disease bbtd symptoms, diagnosis and management management. The disease is caused by b anana bunchy top virus bbtv, which is. Many factors influence banana production negatively such as banana bunchy top. Estimating a novel stochastic model for withinfield disease dynamics of banana bunchy top virus.
Banana and plantain are major crops in terms of household income and food. Author links open overlay panel muhammad zeeshan hyder a 1 shahzad hussain shah b shahid hameed c syed muhammad saqlan naqvi b. Bbtv causes bunchy top disease of banana and plantain. It is fairly common and very problematic in hawaii, but rarely is found here in the us, even in florida. First report of banana bunchy top virus in banana and. Pdf studies on control bunchy top disease of banana. The global distribution of banana bunchy top virus reveals. The banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a circular singlestranded dna virus 1820 nm in diameter that causes bunchy top in bananas. The virus is phloemlimited, infects only the members of genus musa and is transmitted persistently by the aphid pentalonia nigronervosa coq. Feb 26, 2018 a virus first detected as far back as 1891 in fiji has found its way to south africa.
Papaya bunchy top disease was first discovered in 1931 in puerto rico. Banana bunchy top virus the banana knowledge platform of. Avoid spreading bunchy top spray to kill the banana aphids first. Association of a bacterium and not a phytoplasma with papaya bunchy top disease.
This will give sufficient time to eliminate banana weevil borer which can persist in the dead corms of plants for many months, nematodes and bunchy top disease. Bbtv is one of the most economically important pathogens of musa spp. Family nanoviridae is a phytopathogenic virus associated with bunchy top disease of banana has become a major threat to banana and plantain cultivation in india and in several tropical regions of the world and cause significant yield losses. Other viral and fungal diseases include banana bunchy top virus bbtv, controlled by eradication of infected plants, banana streak virus bsv, freckle cladosporium musae, phyllostictina musarium, cordana and moko disease ralstonia solanacearum. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is one of the most severe and widespread virus limiting production and distribution of planting material of banana musa spp. By that time, however, the virus has most likely been spread to other plants by the banana aphid, pentalonia nigronervosa. The disease, often called bbtd for banana bunchy top disease, gets its name from the bunchy appearance of infected plants.
It was first identified in fiji in 1879, and has spread around the world since then. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a deadly pathogen which affects many areas of the worldwide banana industry. Before destruction, diseased plants should first be sprayed with power kerosene or insecticide to kill all viruliferous aphids. The replication of banana bunchy top virus is suppressed by overabundant rep expression 105 abstract 106 introduction 107 materials and methods 109 results 119 discussion and conclusions 1 chapter 5 effect of rep mutants on the replication of banana bunchy top virus 5 abstract 6 introduction 7 materials and methods 142 results 151. Bunchy top of banana is a viral disease that gets inside the plant and stays there. Effect of banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology. Papaya bunchy top pbt, a major disease of papaya carica papaya l. However, 95 papaya plants with symptoms of pbt from 12 countries. General information about banana bunchy top virus bbtv00. Control of banana bunchy top virus bbtv banana bunchy top virus bbtv is established as restricted matter under the act.
Bunchy top of banana banana bunchy top virus erect leaves, narrower and smaller than healthy leaves, with yellow edges. Occurrence and distribution of banana bunchy top virus. Bunchy top the banana knowledge platform of the promusa network. Scientists have previously believed that papaya bunchy top disease was caused by a virus, a mycoplasmalike organism mlo, or a phytoplasma, but these possible pathogens. The aphid can retain the virus through its adult life, for a period of 1520 days. Bbtv component sequences available in genbank downloaded 1st march 2014. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv00overview eppo global database. This document supplements the information in pd12 banana bunchy top virus, which is available. From 267 potentially infected musa plants, 24 apparently defective bbtv components have been identified. In july 2011, banana and plantain that displayed stunting and leaf symptoms typical of banana bunchy top disease were observed to be widespread in dangbo commune, oueme department, benin.
Early on, the identity of the pathogen was highly contested due to the inability of isolating it. The causal agent of bbtd is the banana bunchy top virus bbtv, belonging to the genus babuvirus, family nanoviridae. Virus host plants banana, plantain, abaca, wild banana, bird of paradise, ginger affected plant stages all growth stages affected plant parts whole plant symptoms the initial symptom is the presence of darkgreen spots on the petioles, midribs, and leaf veins of the newly emerging leaves. A banana plant with bunchy top and the plant or mat attached to it can be destroyed mechanically or chemically the bbtv virus moves between connected plants and symptoms require some time to develop, so connected plants may be infected even though they show no symptoms. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv, belonging to the genus babuvirus, is the most devastating and widespread banana virus. It was first identified in fiji in 1891, and has spread around the world and thereafter from almost all the potential banana growing areas of the world.
Bunchy top, caused by banana bunchy top virus bbtv, is the most important viral disease affecting banana worldwide, for which control is very difficult. The virus is vectored by the banana aphid pentalonia nigronervosa. This document supplements the information in pd12 banana bunchy top virus, which is available at. Bunchy top the banana knowledge platform of the promusa. Banana bunchy top virus and its vector pentalonia nigronervosa. First detection of banana bunchy top virus in south.
Aphid control plants with bunchy top disease usually have banana aphids on them which can spread the bunchy top virus to other banana plants. Characterization and genetic status of banana bunchy top virus. The purpose of this article is to enhance ones ability to recognize bunchy top and the aphid vector. Plants were established in vitro from banana bunchy0top virus bbtv infeeted plants. Interestingly, 2324 of these defective molecules were apparently derived from dnar. Highthroughput detection of banana bunchy top virus in banana plants and aphids using realtime taqman. Banana bunchy top virus is spread by the banana aphid, which acquires the virus after at least four but usually about 18 hours of feeding on an infected plant figures 4 and 5. Explants containing either vegetative shoot apices or terminal floral apices were used to initiate cultures.
Estimating a novel stochastic model for withinfield disease. Evidence of recombination in the banana bunchy top virus. Development of transgenic bananas for bbtv resistance. Presentation mode open print download current view. Like many viruses, bbtv was named after the symptoms seen, where the infected plants are stunted and have bunchy leaves at the top. Using the correct method for destroying banana plants with bunchy top disease is very important. Pdf banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a circular singlestranded ss plant dna virus and the type. This needs to happen at least six months but preferably two years before the new planting commences. During this time, the aphid can transmit the virus to a healthy banana plant by. Incidence of banana bunchy top disease in west java. Interference with replication by theresa tsunhui tsao bachelor of applied science honours a thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy in the centre for tropical crops and biocommodities, queensland university of. Read promoters derived from banana bunchy top virus dna1 to. Use of polymerase chain reaction for the detection of. Effect of banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology and growth characteristics of banana c.
Viral infection causes a great loss in banana production with a ratio of about 2030% loss and occasionally reaching 5080%. This virus, banana bunchy top virus bbtv harding, burns, and dale 1991. The typical symptoms of bunchy top of banana are very distinctive and readily. Interestingly, 2324 of these defective molecules were. We analyzed 171 banana leaf samples from fourteen countries and recovered, cloned, and sequenced 855 complete bbtv components. Help the hawaii early detection network and report this pest.
Plants multiplied in culture were indistinguishable from noninfected control plants and lacked characteristic symptoms of bbtv infection. In this thesis, a molecular approach was used to generate genetically modified banana plants, some of which were resistant to. Banana bunchy top is a viral disease caused by a singlestranded dna virus called the banana bunchy top virus bbtv. Bunchy top is a viral disease caused by the banana bunchy top virus bbtv. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv was originally included in the luteovirus group, but is now recognised as a species of the babuvirus genus, one of two genera included in the nanoviridae family king et al. First detection of banana bunchy top virus in south africa ippc. Contact for info mr thizwilondi munzhelele department of agriculture, forestry and fisheries private bag x14 gezina 0031 email.
Evidence of recombination in the banana bunchy top virus genome. Banana bunchy top disease bbt is one of the most serious diseases of banana. Banana bunchy top disease bbtd is considered one of the most economically important plant viral diseases worldwide dale, 1987, moffat, 2001. Almeida2 1 department of plant and environmental protection sciences, university of hawaii at manoa, honolulu, hi, usa. Relationship to banana bunchy top virus in micronesia. Research article effect of banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology and growth characteristics of banana c. Tv was identified in south africa in 2015, on musa plantations in kwazulunatal kzn.
To identify the cause of the disease, a roving survey was conducted in december 2011 in nine locations in avrankou, dangbo, akpromisserete and porto. Post a photo of it here and we will take a look at it. The recent outbreak of the disease in south africa caused major concern to banana growers, as yield losses of up to 100% can be recorded. Isolates of banana bunchy top virus bbtv, which causes bunchy top disease in bananas, were collected in field surveys. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Use of biotechnology to produce transgenic bananas resistant to banana bunchy top virus. Banana bunchy top disease bbtd symptom expression in banana and strategies for. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a plant pathogenic virus of the family nanoviridae known for. This document supplements the information in pd12 banana bunchy top virus, which is available at pdf. Look carefully to see how minor veins are hooked jshaped as they join the midrib in infected plants.
In indonesia, it was first reported in 1979 in the regency of bandung in west java, and now becoming widespread in several growing areas. In this thesis, a molecular approach was used to generate genetically modified banana plants, some of which were resistant to bbtv infection. Banana bunchy top virus, a complex circular singlestranded dna virus with multiple genomic components. Pdf banana bunchy top virus and the bunchy top disease. An aphid that is present in all banana growing countries helps to spread the disease over short distances. Banana bunchy top disease can be effectively controlled by the eradication of diseased plants and the use of virustested planting material. Promoters derived from banana bunchy top virus dna.
Banana bunchy top virus hawaii early detection network. Effect of banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology and. Therefore, killing the aphids first before injecting the plant with herbicide is very important to stop the spead of the disease. After 16 months in culture plants were established in the. Bunchy top of banana symptoms epidemiology management. Infected plants cannot recover and will serve as a source of viral. Banana is one of the most important fruit in india. The disease, referred to as banana bunchy top disease bbtd, gets its name from the bunchy appearance of infected plants. Banana bunchy top disease bbtd incubation period for williams and dwarf brazilian banana after inoculation. Ground zero is hibberdene on the lower kzn south coast. Highthroughput detection of banana bunchy top virus in. The global distribution of banana bunchy top virus reveals little.
Banana bunchy top disease bbtd is the most economically important virus disease of bananas. The disease is widespread in asia and south pacific regions. Media in category banana bunchy top virusthe following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. We analyzed 171 banana leaf samples from fourteen countries and recovered, cloned, and sequenced 855 complete bbtv components including. In democratic republic of congo drc, these crops play a major role in daily life of almost 70% of citizen. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a plant pathogenic virus of the family nanoviridae that is known to infect banana plants. Triple antibody sandwichelisa was found to be the optimum assay format for. Although the disease was first reported in the late 1880s, the virus itself, which was originally classified as a luteovirus, was isolated in the late 1980s and reassigned to the nanoviridae family in the genus babuvirus. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a circular singlestranded ss plant dna virus and the type member of the genus babuvirus in the family nanoviridae.
Development of banana bunchy top virus resistance in. Pdf bunchy top is a serious and devasting disease of banana, caused by musa. Domestication, genomics and the future for banana annals. In 2011, an outbreak of banana bunchy top disease bbtd caused by banana bunchy top virus bbtv. Jul 01, 2000 read promoters derived from banana bunchy top virus dna1 to. Development of banana bunchy top virus resistance in bananas. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a member of the genus babuvirus of the newly described plant virus family, the nanoviridae vetten et al. Plants with banana bunchy top bbt have narrow, progressively shorter leaves. Infected banana plants produce increasingly smaller leaves on shorter petioles giving the plants a bunched appearance.
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